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2.
Rev. argent. radiol ; 83(2): 77-86, jun. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020470

ABSTRACT

La sarcoidosis es una enfermedad granulomatosa no caseificante, multisistémica, de causa desconocida, que compromete al pulmón y a los ganglios linfáticos mediastinales entre el 90 y el 95% de los casos. También puede afectar otros órganos, como las glándulas salivales, piel, ojos, hígado, bazo, corazón, huesos y sistema nervioso central. La sarcoidosis tiene una baja prevalencia en Latinoamérica y es subdiagnosticada debido a la alta frecuencia de otros trastornos similares, como tuberculosis, lepra y micosis profundas. El diagnóstico presuntivo se establece con hallazgos imagenológicos característicos dentro de un contexto clínico apropiado y se confirma con la evidencia histológica de granulomas no caseificantes de células epiteliales, en ausencia de otras etiologías. Los hallazgos torácicos incluyen la afectación pulmonar, ganglionar y bronquial, los cuales son detectados a través de la radiografía (Rx) y tomografía computada (TC) de tórax, siendo esa última más sensible y específica. En este artículo, resaltamos la importancia de reconocer los patrones de presentación típicos y atípicos de la sarcoidosis en Rx y TC, así como la relevancia de las imágenes torácicas como elemento clave en el algoritmo diagnóstico de esa patología. También describimos la utilidad de la resonancia magnética (RM), como método adicional para el diagnóstico en casos de afectación cardíaca y el papel de la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET-CT) en el seguimiento terapéutico.


Sarcoidosis is a non-caseating granulomatous, multisystemic disease of unknown cause that involves the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes in 90-95% of cases. It can also affect other organs such as the salivary glands, skin, eyes, liver, spleen, heart, bones and the central nervous system. Sarcoidosis has a low prevalence in Latin America and it is underdiagnosed due to the high frequency of other similar disorders such as tuberculosis, leprosy and deep mycosis. The presumptive diagnosis is established based on characteristic imaging findings within an appropriate clinical setting and is confirmed by histological evidence of non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas, in the absence of other etiologies. Thoracic imaging findings include pulmonary, nodal and bronchial involvement, which are detected on chest radiography (CXR) and computed tomography (CT), this last one having a higher sensitivity and specificity. In this article, we highlight the importance of recognizing the typical and atypical presentation patterns of sarcoidosis on CXR and CT, as well as the relevance of thoracic images as key elements in the diagnostic algorithm of this pathology. We also describe the usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as an additional method for diagnosis in cases of cardiac involvement and the role of positron emission tomography (PET-CT) in therapeutic follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sarcoidosis , Sarcoidosis/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Radiography/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Sarcoidosis/diagnosis , Radiography, Thoracic
3.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 10(1): 25-29, 20160124. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1291230

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La tuberculosis (TBC) y la sarcoidosis presentan similitudes en cuanto a su manifestación clínica, radiología e histología. El término tuberculosis-sarcoidosis, hace referencia a una entidad con diferentes manifestaciones, en donde la TBC puede preceder, seguir o coexistir con el curso de la sarcoidosis. Presentación del caso: Mujer de 47 años, con antecedentes de miomectomía y colecistectomía, con historia de cuatro meses de dolor abdominal tipo cólico, de localización difusa asociado a hiporexia y baja de peso de 15 kilogramos. Paciente consultó por empeoramiento de cuadro inicial, acompañado de cefalea frontal intensa, quedando hospitalizada para estudio por especialistas. Evolucionó el primer día con paresia facial periférica derecha, compromiso del trigémino izquierdo V1-V2, hipoestesia abdominal izquierda T10 a L1, síntomas deglutorios del nervio gloso-cutáneo lateral izquierdo. Se decidió continuar estudio con punción lumbar, informándose: proteínas: 0,81 mg/dl, glucosa: 62 mg/dl, 100% mononucleares, tinción Ziehl Nielsen y Gram negativa. Tomografía de tórax identificó adenopatías mediastínicas. Se realizó biopsia ganglionar mediastínica que informó focos de necrosis caseosa con tinción Ziehl Nielsen (+). Se decidió inicio de tratamiento antituberculoso y corticoidal, evolucionando al mes en malas condiciones: con dolor neuropático costal y uveítis bilateral, por ello se decidió agregar metrotrexato (MTX). Por nula respuesta al tratamiento y por tratarse de una enfermedad resistente a corticoides y MTX, se decidió manejo con infliximab, con buena respuesta clínica. Discusión: Estas entidades pueden ser confundidas con una serie de condiciones neurológicas, músculo-esqueléticas o vasculares, requiere de un manejo multidisciplinario precoz, aunque por lo general, la respuesta a tratamiento clásico es escasa.


Introduction: Tuberculosis (TBC) and sarcoidosis have many similarities in their clinical manifestation, radiology and histology. The concept tuberculosis-sarcoidosis, refers to a clinical entity with different kinds of presentations, where TBC may precede, follow or coexist with the course of Sarcoidosis. Case report: 47 year old woman with a history of myomectomy and cholecystectomy, with a history of 4 months of difuse crampy abdominal pain, with hyporexia and 15 kilogram weight loss. Worsening of the pain made her go to the emergency unit, also presented frontal intense headache. In that moment she is admitted in the hospital to be studied for specialists. The symptoms evolved the next day with peripheral right facial paresis, left trigeminal commitment V1-V2, left abdominal hypoesthesia T10 to L1, swallowing symptoms of left lateral cutaneous nerve gloso. It was decided to continue study with lumbar puncture informing: protein: 0.81 mg / dl, glucose 62 mg / dl, 100% mono-nuclear Ziehl Nielsen and Gram negative. Chest CT identified mediastinal lymph nodes. In their biopsy, cheesy foci of necrosis, Ziehl Nielsen (+) was reported. She started corticoidaland antituberculosis treatment but she evolved in poor conditions; adding neuropathic costal pain and bilateral uveitis, so methotrexate (MTX) was added. Because of the none responding symptoms and dealing with a corticoid- and resistent disease it was decided to start with Infliximab, with great clinical response. Discussion: These entities can be confused with several neurological, muscle, or vascular conditions, it requires a multidisciplinary approach early, although generally, the classic response to treatment is low.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Sarcoidosis/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Radiography, Thoracic
4.
Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2009; 29 (6): 454-459
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-102551

ABSTRACT

Sarcoidosis is prevalent worldwide with significant heterogeneity across different ethnic groups. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and computed tomography findings among Arab patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. A retrospective study of patient demographics, symptoms, co-morbid illness, sarcoidosis stage, treatment, pulmonary function and CT results. Of 104 patients, most [77%] were 40 years of age or older at diagnosis, and females in this category [>/= 40 years] significantly outnumbered male patients [69/104 [66.3%] vs. 35/104 [33.7%], P=.003]. The most common complaints were dyspnea [76%], cough [72.1%] and weight loss [32.7%]. The majority of patients displayed impairment in lung function parameters at presentation. However, significant impairment in forced vital capacity, percentage predicted [FVC%] [<50%] was present in only 17% of patients. The most frequent CT finding was mediastinal lymph node enlargement in 49 patients [73.1%]. Parenchymal abnormalities indicating lung fibrosis were noted in 31 patients [46.3%], and traction bronchiectasis was the most common [35.8%] fibrotic pattern detected on CT scans. At presentation, clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis among this sample of Arab patients were similar to reports from other nations. Further studies are needed to explore the effects of race and ethnicity on disease severity in the Middle East


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Retrospective Studies , Arabs
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